Ozone hole third largest on record

GENEVA: This year's seasonal ozone hole over Antarctica was the third largest on record, but forecasters are uncertain how it will behave, the World Meteorological Organisation said on Tuesday.

The hole peaked last month at almost 27 million square kilometers, and then began shrinking, the WMO said.

That was just short of the record 28 million square kilometers set in 2003, the WMO said. The second-largest hole was logged in 2000.   

"Because of uncertainties linked to climate change, we don't know if we reached the biggest ozone hole ever in 2003 or if it will be bigger," said WMO ozone expert Geir Braathen.

"But it's not likely that it will get much bigger. It seems like we have reached a plateau."

"The question is how long it will take before we get back to pre-ozone hole levels," he told reporters.

The hole in the ozone layer, discovered in the 1980s, is created by atmospheric conditions and pollution, and fluctuates according to season and prevailing weather.

Ozone, a molecule of oxygen, is a stratospheric shield for life on Earth, filtering out dangerous ultraviolet rays from the Sun that damage vegetation and can cause skin cancer and cataracts.

The protective layer has been increasingly damaged by man-made chemicals, especially bromine, chlorine and chlorofluorocarbons.   CFCs are an aerosol gas, previously used in refrigerators, whose use was belatedly controlled by an international treaty, the Montreal Protocol signed on September 16, 1987.

"As the amount of chlorine and bromine will continue to decline over the next decade -- very slowly -- one expects the ozone whole to get smaller and smaller," Braathen said.

"But at the same time there is also this issue of climate change, which leads to high temperatures on the ground while in the stratosphere temperatures will decrease. And that will encourage more ozone loss in the Arctic and Antarctic."

"This is an open question. We don't know what the effect will be."