Diabetic retinopathy, as the name implies, is a disease linked to diabetes that affects the retina—a crucial part of the eye responsible for vision. This condition arises when diabetes remains uncontrolled.
When diabetes is unmanaged, it damages the blood vessels supplying the retina. This can lead to the growth of fragile new blood vessels, which can cause bleeding and vision blockage. Sometimes, fluid leakage from these vessels results in reduced vision. Approximately one in fifteen diabetic patients is at risk of developing this condition. It's categorized by severity into mild/moderate/severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is another consequence where damaged blood vessels leak, causing fluid buildup in the macula—a part of the retina responsible for clear vision. Vitreous hemorrhage (bleeding inside the eye) can occur due to abnormal blood vessel formation in the retina. Neovascular glaucoma is when new blood vessels block normal eye fluid drainage, raising eye pressure, similar to glaucoma.
Tractional retinal detachment is a serious condition where fibrovascular tissue pulls the retina, necessitating immediate surgical intervention.
Despite diabetes posing a significant risk to eye health, awareness about this condition is surprisingly low.
Symptoms: Diabetic retinopathy often progresses silently, without noticeable early signs. Symptoms like blurry vision, distorted vision, dark floating spots, or visual hindrances should be taken seriously, prompting a consultation with a specialist.
Causes: Uncontrolled diabetes is the main cause of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes impacts not only the heart and kidneys but also the eyes. While damage doesn't happen overnight, regular eye exams—at least twice a year—are essential for early detection.
Treatment: Prevention and treatment strategies are crucial. Preventive measures include controlling diabetes and regular specialist check-ups. With proper diabetes management, the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy decreases. Early detection through regular eye exams helps prevent worsening.
Treatment options encompass lasers, injections, and surgery, guided by a specialist's expertise. Remember, prevention remains the best form of cure.
