Breast cancer has emerged as a significant health concern for women in India, with alarming increases in both incidence and mortality rates. Dr. Mandeep Singh Malhotra, Director of Surgical Oncology at CK Birla Hospital in Delhi, highlights that the statistics, ranging from 1.6 to 2,00,000 new cases annually, emphasize the urgent need to address this health crisis. Unfortunately, a substantial number of cases may go unregistered, further worsening the situation.
One critical factor contributing to the high mortality rate is the advanced stage at which a majority of Indian women seek treatment. Unlike Western countries, where early detection is more common, nearly 50% of Indian patients present in advanced stages, with 25% already in metastatic conditions. Early detection significantly improves survival rates, emphasizing the need for increased awareness and screening programs.
Dr. Kavita Vijayakumar, AVP & Lab Operations at Metropolis Healthcare Limited in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh & Telangana, adds that genetic mutations, particularly in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, play a significant role in the early-onset cases observed in India. Women with these mutations often present with cancer at a young age and may have a family history of the disease. Seeking genetic counseling, undergoing BRCA mutation testing, and adhering to regular screenings are crucial steps toward early detection and better outcomes.
Lifestyle and environmental factors also contribute to the surge in breast cancer cases. Factors such as early puberty, delayed pregnancies, reduced lactation periods, stress, alcohol consumption, smoking, and exposure to pollutants amplify the risk. Obesity, with its associated higher estrogen levels, further increases the likelihood of breast cancer.
Prevention strategies, as highlighted by both doctors, focus on lifestyle modifications, stress reduction, exercise, a healthy diet, and timely family planning. Encouraging women to consider childbirth at a younger age, prioritizing fitness, and promoting adequate lactation can mitigate risk factors. For those with a family history of breast or related cancers, consulting a genetic counselor is crucial for personalized interventions.
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