Nearly 60% of black and African people living in Russia’s capital Moscow have been physically assaulted in racially motivated attacks, says a new study.

Africans working or studying in the city live in constant fear of attack, according to the report by the Moscow Protestant Chaplaincy.

A quarter of 200 people surveyed said they had been assaulted more than once. Some 80% had been verbally abused. But the number of assaults was down from the MPC’s last survey in 2002.

In the survey, many African respondents said they avoided using the metro and crowded public places. Respondents also did not go out on national holidays or on days when there were football matches

The report’s conclusion was that Africans living in Russia exist in a state of virtual siege. Many of the attacks on Africans were pre-meditated and extremely violent, the report found. Officially there are some 10,000 Africans living in Moscow, but far more are believed to live there illegally — many as economic migrants.

The Moscow Protestant Chaplaincy is an English-speaking Christian congregation that has ministered to Moscow’s foreign community since 1962.